The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.